Tectona

Tectona
	Tectona grandis in new leaves in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Lamiales
Family:	Lamiaceae
Genus:	Tectona; L.f.
Species
	Tectona grandis; Tectona hamiltoniana; Tectona philippinensis;

Tectona is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, Lamiaceae.^[1]^[2]^[3] The three species are often collectively called teak.

Description

Tectona is native to south and southeast Asia, mainly India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indonesia and Thailand, and are commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. They are large trees, growing to 30–40 m (90–120 ft.) tall, deciduous in the dry season. Tectona grandis is an economically important species which is the source of most commercial teak wood products.^[4]

Systematics

Teak belongs to the family Lamiaceae (in older classifications in Verbenaceae). Sometimes it is included in the subfamily Prostantheroideae.^[5] There are three species of Tectona:

Tectona grandis (common teak) is by far the most important, with a wide distribution in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, China, India, and Pakistan.
Tectona hamiltoniana (Dahat teak) is a local endemic species confined to Burma, where it is endangered.
Tectona philippinensis (Philippine teak) is endemic to the Philippines, and is critically endangered according to the IUCN (http://iucnredlist.org/details/32123/0).

The genus Tectona is a conserved name against the earlier homotypic synonym Theka Adans.^[2] The genus was originally described by Carl Linnaeus the Younger in 1782.^[6]

Notable examples

The biggest and oldest teak is in Uttaradit, Thailand. It is more than 1,500 years old. Its height is 47 metres.^{[clarification needed]} ^[7]

References

^ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales". Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 2010-12-07. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
^ ^a ^b "GRIN Taxonomy for Plants - Tectona". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2010-01-18. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
^ Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
^ Teak - The Wood Database
^ Singh, G. Plant systematics: an integrated approach. Science Publishers, 2004
^ "Tectona". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
^ "สกู๊ป.."มเหสักข์" ต้นสักใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก ข่าวสังคม - ครอบครัวข่าว3". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

[APW-1] "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - Lamiales". Missouri Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 2010-12-07. Retrieved 2010-12-18.

[GRIN-2] "GRIN Taxonomy for Plants - Tectona". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2010-01-18. Retrieved 2010-12-18.

[Heywood-3] Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K., Culham, A. & Seberg, O. 2007: Flowering Plant Families of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

[4] Teak - The Wood Database

[5] Singh, G. Plant systematics: an integrated approach. Science Publishers, 2004

[IPNI-6] "Tectona". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 17 December 2010.

[7] "สกู๊ป.."มเหสักข์" ต้นสักใหญ่ที่สุดในโลก ข่าวสังคม - ครอบครัวข่าว3". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2013-03-25.

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