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Wayne Shorter

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Wayne Shorter
Shorter in 2012 at North Sea Jazz Festival, Rotterdam
Shorter in 2012
at North Sea Jazz Festival, Rotterdam
Background information
Born(1933-08-25)August 25, 1933
Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedMarch 2, 2023(2023-03-02) (aged 89)
Los Angeles, California
GenresModal jazz, crossover jazz, post-bop, hard bop, jazz fusion, third stream
Occupation(s)Musician, composer
Instrument(s)Tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
Years active1958–2021
LabelsBlue Note, Columbia, Verve
Formerly of
Websiteweb.archive.org/web/20160330174015/http://www.wayneshorter.com/

Wayne Shorter (August 25, 1933 – March 2, 2023) was an American jazz saxophonist, composer and bandleader.[1] Shorter came to mainstream prominence in 1959 upon joining Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, for whom he eventually became the primary composer. In 1964 he joined Miles Davis' Second Great Quintet, and then co-founded the jazz fusion band Weather Report in 1970. He recorded more than 20 albums as a bandleader.

Many Shorter compositions have become jazz standards. His music has earned worldwide recognition, critical praise, universal commendation, and 12 Grammy Awards.[2] He was acclaimed for his mastery of the soprano saxophone since switching his focus from the tenor in the late 1960s and beginning an extended reign in 1970 as DownBeat's annual poll-winner on that instrument, winning the critics' poll for 10 consecutive years and the readers' for 18.[3] The New York Times music critic Ben Ratliff described Shorter in 2008 as "probably jazz's greatest living small-group composer and a contender for greatest living improviser".[4] In 2017, he was awarded the Polar Music Prize.[5]

Early life and education

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Wayne Shorter was born in Newark, New Jersey;[1] the son of Louise and Joseph Shorter.[6] He graduated from Newark Arts High School[7][8] in 1952. He loved comic books and science fiction as well as music while growing up. Shorter was encouraged by his parents to take clarinet lessons at age 16 and then switched to tenor saxophone prior to enrolling at New York University in 1952. His older brother Alan played alto saxophone before switching to the trumpet in college. While in high school, Wayne also performed with the Nat Phipps Band in Newark. After graduating from New York University with a degree in music education in 1956, Shorter spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he played briefly with Horace Silver. After his discharge, he played with Maynard Ferguson. In his youth, Shorter had acquired the nickname "Mr. Gone", which later became an album title for Weather Report.[9]

Career

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His early influences include Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane and Coleman Hawkins. In 1959, Shorter joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers where he stayed for four years, eventually becoming musical director and composing pieces for the band.[10] Together they toured the US, Japan, and Europe, recording several albums. During this time, Shorter "established himself as one of the most gifted of the young saxophonists" and received international acknowledgment.[11]

With Miles Davis (1964–70)

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Herbie Hancock said of Shorter's tenure in Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet: "The master writer to me, in that group, was Wayne Shorter. He still is a master. Wayne was one of the few people who brought music to Miles that didn't get changed."[12] Davis said, "Wayne is a real composer. He writes scores, writes the parts for everybody, just as he wants them to sound. ... Wayne also brought in a kind of curiosity about working with musical rules. If they didn't work, then he broke them, but with musical sense; he understood that freedom in music was the ability to know the rules, in order to bend them to your own satisfaction and taste."[13]

Ian Carr, musician and Rough Guide author, said that with Davis, Shorter found his own voice as a player and composer. "Blakey's hard-driving, straight-ahead rhythms had brought out the muscularity in Shorter's tenor playing, but the greater freedom of the Davis rhythm-section allowed him to explore new emotional and technical dimensions."[11]

Shorter remained in Davis's band after the breakup of the quintet in 1968, playing on early jazz fusion recordings including In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew (both 1969). His last live dates and studio recordings with Davis were in 1970.

Until 1968, he played tenor saxophone exclusively. The final album on which he played tenor in the regular sequence of Davis albums was Filles de Kilimanjaro. In 1969, he played the soprano saxophone on the Davis album In a Silent Way and on his own Super Nova (recorded with then-current Davis sidemen Chick Corea and John McLaughlin). When performing live with Davis, and on recordings from summer 1969 to early spring 1970, he played both soprano and tenor saxophones: by the early 1970s, however, he chiefly played soprano.

Solo Blue Note recordings

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Simultaneous with his time in the Davis quintet, Shorter recorded several albums for Blue Note Records, featuring, almost exclusively, his own compositions, with a variety of line-ups, quartets and larger groups, including Blue Note favorites such as trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. His first Blue Note album (of 11 in total recorded from 1964 to 1970) was Night Dreamer, recorded at Rudy Van Gelder's studio in 1964 with Lee Morgan (trumpet), McCoy Tyner (piano), Reggie Workman (bass) and Elvin Jones (drums). Two more albums were recorded in 1964, JuJu and Speak No Evil.

Of the three Blue Note albums Shorter recorded in 1965, The All Seeing Eye (rec. 1965, rel. 1966) was a workout with a larger group, while Adam's Apple (rec. 1966, rel. 1967) was back to carefully constructed melodies by Shorter leading a quartet. Then a sextet again in the following year for Schizophrenia (rec. 1967, rel. 1969) with Herbie Hancock, bassist Ron Carter, trombonist Curtis Fuller, alto saxophonist/flautist James Spaulding and strong rhythms by drummer Joe Chambers.

Shorter also recorded occasionally as a sideman (again mainly for Blue Note) with trumpeter Donald Byrd, McCoy Tyner, trombonist Grachan Moncur III, Freddie Hubbard, Lee Morgan, as well as bandmates Herbie Hancock and drummer Tony Williams.

Weather Report (1971–1986)

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Shorter with Weather Report in Amsterdam, in 1980

Following the release of Odyssey of Iska in 1970, Shorter formed the fusion group Weather Report with Davis veteran keyboardist Joe Zawinul and bassist Miroslav Vitouš. The other original members were percussionist Airto Moreira, and drummer Alphonse Mouzon. After Vitouš's departure in 1973, Shorter and Zawinul co-led the group until the band's break-up in late 1985. A variety of musicians would make up Weather Report over the years (most notably the revolutionary bassist Jaco Pastorius and drummers Peter Erskine and Omar Hakim) helping the band produce many high quality recordings in diverse styles, with funk, bebop, Latin jazz, ethnic music, and futurism being the most prevalent denominators.

Solo and side projects

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Shorter also recorded critically acclaimed albums as a bandleader, notably 1974's Native Dancer, which featured Hancock and Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton Nascimento.

Shorter at the UC Berkeley Jazz Festival, May 25, 1980

In the late 1970s and the early 1980s, he toured in the V.S.O.P. quintet. This group was a revival of the 1960s Davis quintet, except that Freddie Hubbard filled the trumpet chair. Shorter appeared with the same former Davis bandmates on the Carlos Santana double LP The Swing of Delight (1980), for which he also composed a number of pieces.

From 1977 through 2002, he appeared on 10 Joni Mitchell studio albums, gaining him a wider audience. He played an extended solo on the title track of Steely Dan's 1977 album Aja.

Later career

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After leaving Weather Report in 1986, Shorter continued to record and lead groups in jazz fusion styles, including touring in 1988 with guitarist Carlos Santana, who appeared on This is This! (1986), the last Weather Report disc. There is a concert video recorded at the Lugano Jazz Festival in 1987, with Jim Beard (keyboards), Carl James (bass), Terri Lyne Carrington (drums), and Marilyn Mazur (percussion). In 1989, he contributed to a hit on the rock charts, playing the sax solo on Don Henley's song "The End of the Innocence" and also produced the album Pilar by the Portuguese singer-songwriter Pilar Homem de Melo. He also maintained an occasional working relationship with Herbie Hancock, including a tribute album recorded shortly after Miles Davis's death with Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams and Wallace Roney. He continued to appear on Mitchell's records in the 1990s and can be heard on the soundtrack of the Harrison Ford film The Fugitive (1993).

In 1995, Shorter released the album High Life, his first solo recording for seven years. It was also his debut as a leader for Verve Records. Shorter composed all the compositions on the album and co-produced it with the bassist Marcus Miller with pianist, synthesist, and sound designer Rachel Z. High Life received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album in 1996.

Shorter worked with Herbie Hancock once again in 1997, on the much acclaimed and heralded album 1+1. The song "Aung San Suu Kyi" (named for the Burmese pro-democracy activist) won both Hancock and Shorter a Grammy Award.

In 2009, he was announced as one of the headline acts at the Gnaoua World Music Festival in Essaouira, Morocco. His 2013 live album Without a Net (rec. 2010) is his first with Blue Note Records since Odyssey of Iska (rec. 1970, rel. 1971).

Quartet

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The Wayne Shorter Quartet at the Teatro degli Arcimboldi, Milan, 2010

In 2000, Shorter formed the first permanent acoustic group under his name, a quartet with pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, and drummer Brian Blade, playing his own compositions, many of them reworkings of tunes going back to the 1960s. Four albums of live recordings have been released: Footprints Live! (rec. live 2001, rel. 2002); Beyond the Sound Barrier (rec. live 2002–2004, rel. 2005); Without a Net (rec. live 2010, rel. 2013); and Emanon (2018), with the latter, in addition to live material, including Shorter's quartet in a studio session with the 34-piece Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. The quartet has received great acclaim from fans and critics, especially for the strength of Shorter's tenor saxophone playing. The biography Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter by journalist Michelle Mercer examines the working life of the musicians as well as Shorter's thoughts and Buddhist beliefs.[14] Beyond the Sound Barrier received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album.

Shorter's 2003 album Alegría (his first studio album for 10 years, since High Life) received the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album; it features the quartet with a host of other musicians, including pianist Brad Mehldau, drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and former Weather Report percussionist Alex Acuña. Shorter's compositions, some new, some reworked from his Miles Davis period, feature the complex Latin rhythms that he specialized in during his Weather Report days.

Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity

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In 2015, producer/director Dorsay Alavi began filming a documentary about the life of Wayne Shorter called Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity.[15] A number of high-profile musicians, including Herbie Hancock, Esperanza Spalding, and Terri Lyne Carrington, performed at a donor event to raise funds for the documentary; two of the largest donations came from the Herb Alpert Foundation and Carlos Santana.[16] In 2018, a four-hour preliminary cut was completed. Subsequently, Brad Pitt joined the project with his production company. After some delay, partly due to the Covid crisis, from August 2023, the documentary is available as a three-hour miniseries on Amazon Prime Video.[17][18]

Mega Nova

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In 2016, it was announced that Shorter, Carlos Santana, and Herbie Hancock would begin touring under the name Mega Nova. Also included within the supergroup was bassist Marcus Miller and drummer Cindy Blackman Santana.[19] Their first show together was on August 24, 2016, at the Hollywood Bowl.[20][21]

Iphigenia

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In 2018, Shorter retired from his near 70-year performing career due to health issues. He continued working as a composer, creating a "new operatic work" titled Iphigenia, a loose adaptation of the ancient Greek myth; with Esperanza Spalding writing the libretto and architect Frank Gehry designing the sets, which premiered on November 12, 2021, at the Cutler Majestic Theatre.[22][23][24]

Personal life

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Shorter met Teruko (Irene) Nakagami in 1961. They were later married and had a daughter, Miyako. Some of his compositions are copyrighted as "Miyako Music" and Shorter dedicated the pieces "Miyako" and "Infant Eyes" to his daughter. The couple separated in 1964.[25]

Shorter met Ana Maria Patricio in 1966 and they were married in 1970.[25] In 1986, their daughter Iska died of a grand mal seizure at the age of 14.[26] Ana Maria and the couple's niece, Dalila, were both killed on July 17, 1996, in the crash of TWA Flight 800, while travelling to visit Shorter in Italy.[27] Dalila was the daughter of Ana Maria Shorter's sister and her husband, jazz vocalist Jon Lucien.[25] Composer and producer Rick Shorter (1934–2017) was Shorter's cousin.[28] In 1999, Shorter married Carolina Dos Santos, a close friend of Ana Maria.

Shorter practiced Nichiren Buddhism for more than 50 years as a longtime member of the Buddhist association Soka Gakkai International.[29]

Singer and actress Tina Turner credits Shorter with saving her life. In Turner's 2020 spiritual memoir Happiness Becomes You, she states that Shorter and his wife Ana Maria provided Turner with critical refuge at their home for six months after Turner left her abusive husband, Ike Turner, in 1976.[30]

Shorter died in Los Angeles, California, on March 2, 2023, at the age of 89.[31]

Honors and recognition

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Shorter performing in 2006

In 1999, Shorter received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the Berklee College of Music.[32]

On September 17, 2013, Shorter received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz (formerly Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz).[33]

On December 18, 2014, the Recording Academy announced that Shorter was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in honor of his "prolific contributions to our culture and history".[34]

In 2016, Shorter was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of music composition, the only jazz artist to receive the honor that year.[35]

In 2017, Shorter was announced as the joint winner of the Polar Music Prize. The award committee stated: "Without the musical explorations of Wayne Shorter, modern music would not have drilled so deep."[5]

In 2018, Shorter received the Kennedy Center Honors Award from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts for his lifetime of contributions to the arts.[36]

On April 29, 2022, Shorter's hometown of Newark NJ renamed a street in his honor. Park Place was renamed "Wayne Shorter Way".[37]

On April 22, 2023, the BBC Radio Three magazine program J to Z broadcast a 90-minute tribute edition for Shorter, hosted by Julian Joseph.[38]

In August 2023, Herbie Hancock hosted a tribute concert at Hollywood Bowl, featuring a large number of performers including Carlos Santana and Joni Mitchell.[39]

Awards

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Year Nominated work Category Award Result Notes Ref.
1962 Wayne Shorter New Star Saxophonist DownBeat Readers Poll Won
1972 I Sing The Body Electric Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated with Weather Report [2]
1979 8:30 Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Won with Weather Report [2]
1981 Night Passage Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated with Weather Report [2]
1982 Weather Report Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated with Weather Report [2]
1983 Procession Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated with Weather Report [2]
1985 Sportin' Life Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated with Weather Report [2]
Atlantis Best Jazz Fusion Performance, Vocal Or Instrumental Grammy Award Nominated [2]
1987 "Call Sheet Blues" Best Instrumental Composition Grammy Award Won with Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter and Billy Higgins from The Other Side of Round Midnight Featuring Dexter Gordon [2]
1994 A Tribute to Miles Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group Grammy Award Won [2]
"Pinocchio " Best Jazz Instrumental Solo Grammy Award Nominated from A Tribute to Miles [2]
1996 Wayne Shorter Lifetime achievement Miles Davis Award Won The Miles Davis Award is given by the Montreal International Jazz Festival to "honor a great international jazz musician for the entire body of his or her work and influence in regenerating the jazz idiom." [40]
High Life Best Contemporary Jazz Album Grammy Award Won [2]
"Children Of The Night" Best Instrumental Arrangement Grammy Award Nominated from High Life [2]
"Midnight In Carlotta's Hair" Best Instrumental Composition Grammy Award Nominated from High Life [2]
1997 "Aung San Suu Kyi" Best Instrumental Composition Grammy Award Won from Herbie Hancock's1+1 [2]
1998 Wayne Shorter Lifetime achievement NEA Jazz Masters Fellowship Won NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships are awarded by National Endowment for the Arts to "musicians who have reached an exceptionally high standard of achievement in this very specialized art form." Each fellowship includes a monetary award.[41]
1999 "In Walked Wayne" Best Jazz Instrumental Solo Grammy Award Won from J.J. Johnson's Heroes [2]
2002 Footprints Live! Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group Grammy Award Nominated [2]
Wayne Shorter Significant contributions to the evolution of jazz Beacons in Jazz Award Won bestowed by The New School's Jazz & Contemporary Music Program [42]
2003 "Sacajawea" Best Instrumental Composition Grammy Award Won from Alegría [2]
Alegría Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group Grammy Award Won [2]
2005 Beyond the Sound Barrier Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group Grammy Award Won [2]
2006 Wayne Shorter Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year Downbeat Critics' Poll Won [43]
Wayne Shorter Quartet Jazz Group of the Year Downbeat Critics' Poll Won [43]
Small Ensemble Group of the Year Jazz Journalists Association Jazz Award Won
2008 Wayne Shorter Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won [44]
2013 Without A Net Jazz Album of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won with Wayne Shorter Quartet [45]
Wayne Shorter Artist of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won [45]
Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won [45]
Wayne Shorter Quartet Jazz Group DownBeat Critics Poll Won [45]
DownBeat Readers Poll Won [45]
2014 "Orbits" Best Jazz Instrumental Solo Grammy Award Won from Without a Net [2]
Wayne Shorter Achiever Golden Plate Award Won bestowed by American Academy of Achievement; presented by Awards Council member Willie L. Brown Jr. [46][47]
Wayne Shorter Quartet Jazz Group DownBeat Critics Poll Won
2015 Wayne Shorter Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won [48]
2016 Wayne Shorter Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won
DownBeat Readers Poll Won [49]
2017 Wayne Shorter Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year DownBeat Critics Poll Won [50]
Exceptional achievement Polar Music Prize Won
Musical Arts Rolf Schock Prizes Won [51]
2019 Wayne Shorter Jazz Artist DownBeat Readers Poll Won [52]
Soprano Saxophone Player of the Year Won [52]
Emanon Jazz Album Won [52]
Best Jazz Instrumental Album Grammy Award Won [2]
2021 Wayne Shorter On-going innovation and impact in the field of jazz Doris Duke Performing Artist Award Won sponsored by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation [53][54]
2023 "Endangered Species" Best Improvised Jazz Solo Grammy Award Won with Leo Genovese [55]
Live at the Detroit Jazz Festival Best Jazz Instrumental Album Nominated with Terri Lyne Carrington, Leo Genovese, and Esperanza Spalding

Discography

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Main article: Wayne Shorter discography

References

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  1. ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 1081/2. ISBN 978-1-85227-745-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Wayne Shorter | Artist". Grammy Awards. Recording Academy. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  3. ^ Down Beat Poll Archive. DownBeat.com. Retrieved June 2, 2013
  4. ^ Ratliff, Ben (December 3, 2008). "A Birthday Bash With a Harmonious Mix of Guests". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  5. ^ a b Chow, Andrew R. (February 7, 2017). "Sting and Wayne Shorter Win Polar Music Prize". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  6. ^ Williams, Richard (March 2, 2023). "Wayne Shorter obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  7. ^ A Brief History Archived April 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Newark Arts High School. Accessed August 10, 2008.
  8. ^ Pompilio, Natalie (April 20, 2017). "Celebrating one of Newark's own, a living jazz legend, at NJPAC". nj. Retrieved March 2, 2023. Shorter, a graduate of Newark Arts High School, began his professional career more than six decades ago and shows no sign of slowing down.
  9. ^ "Weather Report – Forecast: Tomorrow (Columbia Legacy)". BigTakeOver.com. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  10. ^ Ben, Beaumont-Thomas (March 2, 2023). "Wayne Shorter, icon of jazz saxophone, dies aged 89". The Guardian. Retrieved April 21, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Carr, Ian; Fairweather, Digby; Priestley, Brian (1995). The Rough Guide to Jazz – The Essential Companion to Artists and Albums. Rough Guides Ltd. pp. 584–585. ISBN 978-1-85828-137-7.
  12. ^ Len Lyons (1989). "Herbie Hancock". The Great Jazz Pianists: Speaking Of Their Lives And Music. Da Capo Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-306-80343-7.
  13. ^ Davis, Miles; Troupe, Quincy (1990). "Chapter 13". Miles: The Autobiography. Simon and Schuster. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-671-72582-2.
  14. ^ "Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter". AllAboutJazz.com. December 19, 2004. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
  15. ^ "Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity Documentary", Pledgemusic.
  16. ^ Chagollan, Steve (September 30, 2014). "For the Love of Wayne: Shorter Doc Fundraiser Attracts A-List Jazz Talent". Variety. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  17. ^ Bramesco, Charles (August 28, 2023). "'How a man grew to greatness': the incredible story of saxophonist Wayne Shorter". The Guardian. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
  18. ^ Linden, Sheri (August 22, 2023). "'Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity' Review: Amazon's Docuseries Aims Beyond Formula to Hit the High Notes". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 24, 2023.
  19. ^ Smith, Steve (August 17, 2016). "Inside Carlos Santana's New Jazz-Rock Supergroup". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  20. ^ Collins, Shanna (August 24, 2016). "Carlos Santan's Magical Supergroup Is Here To Break Barriers". Vibe.com. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  21. ^ Barton, Chris (August 25, 2016). "Review: Carlos Santana, Wayne Shorter and Herbie Hancock rarely take off with Mega Nova at the Hollywood Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
  22. ^ Morrison, Allen (May 10, 2019). "Patitucci Juggles 'All the Elements of Music'". DownBeat Magazine.
  23. ^ Pellegrinelli, Lara (January 12, 2021). "Esperanza Spalding is the 21st Century Jazz Genius". opb.org. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  24. ^ Walecki, Nancy Kathryn (November 18, 2021). "World Premiere of esperanza spalding and Wayne Shorter's Opera, (Iphigenia)". Harvard Magazine.
  25. ^ a b c Smith, Kyle. "A Separate Peace". People.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
  26. ^ Ratliff, Ben (April 22, 1998). "With This Composer, The Work Is Never Done". The New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  27. ^ "Wayne Shorter". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  28. ^ Old Times, Winter / Spring 2012 – p. 12, UCC principal's son makes beautiful music, Nick Krewen[permanent dead link]
  29. ^ Meade Sperry, Rod (March 2, 2023). "Remembering Wayne Shorter, Rogue Philosopher". Lion's Roar Magazine. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  30. ^ Turner, Tina (2020). Happiness Becomes You. Atria Books. pp. 93, 104. ISBN 978-1-9821-5215-4.
  31. ^ Chinen, Nate (March 2, 2023). "Wayne Shorter, Intrepid Saxophonist and Composer, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  32. ^ Hochschild, Rob (June 15, 1999). "1999 Commencement at Berklee: David Bowie and Wayne Shorter". Berklee College of Music.
  33. ^ "Thelonious Monk Lifetime Achievement Award". Broadwayworld.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  34. ^ "Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award Press Release". Grammy.com. December 18, 2014. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  35. ^ Wayne Shorter awarded Guggenheim Fellowship. Jazz Times. April 8, 2016.
  36. ^ "Kennedy Center Honors Highlights 2018 | Kennedy Center".
  37. ^ "Watch the renaming ceremony for Wayne Shorter Way". WBGO. April 28, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2024.
  38. ^ "J to Z: Wayne Shorter". bbc.co.uk. April 22, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  39. ^ Hochman, David. "Joni Mitchell Makes Surprise Appearance At The Hollywood Bowl To Honor Wayne Shorter". Forbes. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  40. ^ "Festival Awards". Festival International de Jazz de Montreal. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  41. ^ "A Brief History of the NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships". Arts.gov. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
  42. ^ "Wayne Shorter To Receive Beacons In Jazz Award". Downbeat. January 30, 2002.
  43. ^ a b "BMI Jazz Greats Sweep 'Downbeat' Critics Poll". BMI. July 17, 2006. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  44. ^ "BMI Jazz Composers Top 'Downbeat' Readers Poll". BMI. November 11, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  45. ^ a b c d e "Wayne Shorter Tops 61st Annual DownBeat Critics Poll". DownBeat. June 19, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  46. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.
  47. ^ "2014 Summit Highlights Photo". Academy guest of honor and jazz saxophonist Wayne Shorter accompanies Esperanza Spalding in a duet performance at the 2014 International Achievement Summit in San Francisco.
  48. ^ "Bennett, McBride winners in DownBeat Readers Poll". JAZZ.FM 91. October 27, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  49. ^ Washington, Kamsi (October 28, 2006). "Schneider & Washington Among DownBeat Readers Poll Winners". DownBeat. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
  50. ^ "Marsalis, Krall, Corea Among DownBeat Readers Poll Winners". DownBeat. October 24, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
  51. ^ "Rolf Schock Prize Recipients 2017" Archived June 2, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Retrieved November 15, 2018.
  52. ^ a b c "Shorter, Salvant and Benson Among DownBeat Readers Poll Winners". DownBeat. October 21, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  53. ^ "Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Announces 2021 Doris Duke Artists". Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  54. ^ Feibel, Adam (October 25, 2021). "Wayne Shorter, Kris Davis and Danilo Pérez win 2021 Doris Duke Artist Awards". JAZZ.FM91. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  55. ^ "Grammy Awards 2023: The Full List of Nominees". The New York Times. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
  56. ^ "Celebration, Vol. 1 - Wayne Shorter | Album | AllMusic". AllMusic.
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