1770 in Canada
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Events from the year 1770 in Canada.
Incumbents
[edit]Governors
[edit]- Governor of the Province of Quebec: Guy Carleton
- Governor of Nova Scotia: Lord William Campbell
- Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: John Byron
- Governor of St. John's Island: Walter Patterson[2]
Events
[edit]- December – Samuel Hearne departs on his third voyage of discovery.
- The city of Saint-Eustache, Quebec is established.
Births
[edit]
- April 7 – William Wordsworth, in Cockermouth, England (d.1850)
- April 30 – David Thompson, fur trader, surveyor and map-maker (d.1857)
- June 4 (baptised) – William Carson, in Kirkcudbright, Scotland (d.1843)
- October 23 – George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie (d.1838)
Full date unknown
[edit]- William Allan, near Huntly, Scotland (d.1853)
Deaths
[edit]- February 12 – Christopher Middleton, Hudson's Bay Company captain
Historical documents
[edit]Hard winters and scarcity of farm staples and manufactures useful in Britain make northern colonies dependent on West Indies, not mother country[3]
Warships will form line from Cape Race, Newfoundland to latitude of Cape Cod to prevent smuggling to St. Lawrence, Nova Scotia coast and Massachusetts[4]
British in Quebec request general assembly to encourage agriculture and trade and attach increasingly poor Canadians to economy and British law[5]
Canadians request return of their laws, which are basis of their property and family rule, and public office from which they are humiliatingly excluded[6]
Reward of $200 offered for information on "the Malefactors and abominable people that have, and attempt yet every Day, to set Fire to this Town"[7]
Since surveyor appointed, small number of chimney fires shows benefit of chimney law, and minding fireplaces may save "us from that dreadful Calamity"[8]
Lightning coming down chimney to fireplace she was kneeling at kills woman in Charlebourg, her last words being "My God, I am dying: Help"[9]
After saying he would kill his wife to priest (and requesting he "assist him at the Gallows"), Quebec man attempts murder and then kills himself[10]
Coroner's Inquest conclusions (previously called verdicts) finds Catharine Alexander's stillborn baby was given for burial to "ignorant Woman [who] indecently" put coffin in snow behind prison[11]
Advertisement for shipping on Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron - "infinitely less liable to hazard" than going "defenceless[...]to be seized by the Savages"[12]
Illinois Country whites (pop. ca. 2,000) have connections with Canada and local Indigenous people, and tend to trade and hunt more than farm[13]
Dinner given at Northwest Arm near Halifax in celebration of Festival of St. Aspinquid, with toasts to Hendrick, Uncas, Massasoit and other sachems[14]
Nova Scotia townships must support only resident poor people and orphans, excepting poor and disabled people who can be supported by family[15]
Needy "dissenting Ministers" of Nova Scotia will benefit from interest earned on charitable fund "warmly recommended" by 28 such clergymen in London[16]
Interest on loans in Nova Scotia to be no higher than 6% (with grandfather clause) and lenders charging higher rate are to pay triple value of loan made[17]
St. John's Island looking for fishers to settle, where they will pay no duty on rum, molasses "or any other Commodity necessary for Fishermen"[18]
George Cartwright's sighting of Beothuk evokes long description of them and Newfoundlanders' murderous attitude toward them (Note: "wild" used)[19]
St. John's merchants tell Gov. Byron Newfoundland trade suffers from previous governor, worker neglect, loss of settlers, drinking, and customs delays[20]
Church of the Brethren missionaries establish selves among "Esquimaux" in Labrador with view to settlement (Note: stereotypes of Indigenous people)[21]
Moravian missionary purchases land from head Inuk in each tent because "you are all Lords + Masters[...], each of you says He is Master of the Land"[22]
After Inuit men of "Esquimaux Bay" acknowledge violence of past, missionary consults with them on where Moravians should build their house[23]
Inuit acknowledge that they are Brethren's children and must attend their meetings and do what they are told to do[24]
George Cartwright describes construction of Inuit sled made of spruce planks, whale jaw bone runners and walrus hide thongs[25]
Samuel Hearne on expedition is irked but not dismayed by ways of his Indigenous guide ("Con-ne-e-quese"; Note: "niggard" means ungenerous person)[26]
Hearne quotes Indigenous leader Matonabbee as saying women are made for labour, such as carrying, hauling, making and mending clothing etc.[27]
Hearne describes moose hide tent and its use as woodland tipi early on his expedition northwest from Prince of Wales Fort, Churchill[28]
References
[edit]- ^ "Kings and Queens of Canada". aem. 11 August 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ "Office of Lieutenant Governor: Lieutenant Governors gallery". www.gov.pe.ca. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ Mr. Wynne, "Reflections on the present State of the North-American Colonies", A General History of the British Empire in America(....) Vol. II (1770), pgs. 393-5. (See also in this volume (pg. 430): "Canada can be nothing but a factory for the fur trade, and Nova-Scotia only a fishing settlement.") Accessed 21 April 2022
- ^ "May 18", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 296 (August 30, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022
- ^ "Petition for a General Assembly" (1770?), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 291-2 (PDF frames 305-6). Accessed 24 June 2022
- ^ "Petition for the Restoration of French Law and Custom" (1770?; in French with English translation), Documents Relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, 1759-1791 (1907), pgs. 292-5 (PDF frames 306-9). Accessed 24 June 2022
- ^ "The United Company of the City of Montreal[....]", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 298 (September 13, 1770), 3rd pg., right column. (See also provincial government offers additional reward of 200 Spanish dollars) Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Quebec, March 15", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272 (March 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Quebec, August 9", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 293 (August 9, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 23 June 2022
- ^ "Quebec, February 15", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 268 (February 15, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Quebec, March 22", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 273 (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Captain Grant", The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 272 (March 22, 1770), 3rd pg. Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ Philip Pittman, "Of the Inhabitants" The Present State of the European Settlements of the Mississippi (1770), pg. 55. Accessed 20 June 2022
- ^ "Halifax, June 5", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 23 (May 29 - June 5, 1770), pg. 184 Accessed 21 June 2022
- ^ "An Act for the Settlement of the Poor in the several Townships within this Province" (1770), 10 George III - Chapter 1, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See also Assembly resolution to pay physician £60 for services and medicine to poor house residents, but not to pay him again) Accessed 20 June 2022
- ^ "Halifax, February 20; By Letters received[....]", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 8 (February 13–20, 1770), pg. 63 Accessed 21 June 2022 (See also royal donation of £1,000 to fund)
- ^ "An Act for establishing the Rate of Interest" (1770), 10 George III - Chapter 5, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 20 June 2022
- ^ "Extract of a Letter from a Merchant in St. John's Island", The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser, Vol. II, No. 10 (February 28 - March 6, 1770), pg. 79 Accessed 21 June 2022
- ^ C.W. Townsend (ed.), "Wednes., July 11, 1770" Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 16-25. Accessed 24 June 2022
- ^ "The following Address(....) The Quebec Gazette, Nomb. 268 (February 15, 1770), 1st-2nd pgs. Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ Benjamin La Trobe, A Succinct View of the Missions Established among the Heathen by the Church of the Brethren[....] (1771), pgs. 26-7 (See "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland" (1770) for record of these events) Accessed 20 June 2022
- ^ "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland" (1770), pgs. 30-2, 57-8, 82-3 (PDF frames 33-5, 61-2, 86-7) Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland" (1770), pgs. 74-7 (PDF frames 78-81; see further regarding past violence, frames 122-4, 128-30, 136-8) Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ "Journal of the Voyage of the Jersey Packet to Labrador and Newfoundland" (1770), pg. 86 (PDF frame 90) Accessed 22 June 2022
- ^ C.W. Townsend (ed.), "As the construction(...)" Captain Cartwright and His Labrador Journal (1911), pgs. 56-7. Accessed 24 June 2022
- ^ Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pg. 30 Accessed 20 June 2022
- ^ Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pg. 55 Accessed 21 June 2022
- ^ Samuel Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales's fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean (1795), pgs. 18-20 Accessed 20 June 2022
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