1235
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1235 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1235 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1235 MCCXXXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1988 |
| Armenian calendar | 684 ԹՎ ՈՁԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5985 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1156–1157 |
| Bengali calendar | 642 |
| Berber calendar | 2185 |
| English Regnal year | 19 Hen. 3 – 20 Hen. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1779 |
| Burmese calendar | 597 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6743–6744 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 3932 or 3725 — to — 乙未年 (Wood Goat) 3933 or 3726 |
| Coptic calendar | 951–952 |
| Discordian calendar | 2401 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1227–1228 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4995–4996 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1291–1292 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1156–1157 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4335–4336 |
| Holocene calendar | 11235 |
| Igbo calendar | 235–236 |
| Iranian calendar | 613–614 |
| Islamic calendar | 632–633 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunryaku 2 / Katei 1 (嘉禎元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1144–1145 |
| Julian calendar | 1235 MCCXXXV |
| Korean calendar | 3568 |
| Minguo calendar | 677 before ROC 民前677年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −233 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1777–1778 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木马年 (male Wood-Horse) 1361 or 980 or 208 — to — 阴木羊年 (female Wood-Goat) 1362 or 981 or 209 |
Year 1235 (MCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]- Connacht in Ireland is finally conquered by the Hiberno-Norman Richard Mór de Burgh; Felim Ua Conchobair is expelled.[1][2]
- A general inquisition begins in France.[3][4]
- Siege of Constantinople: The Byzantine emperor John III Doukas Vatatzes and the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II besiege Constantinople in an attempt to take it from its Latin rulers, John of Brienne and Baldwin II. Angelo Sanudo successfully negotiates a two-year truce.[5][6]
- Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231) is canonized by Pope Gregory IX.[7][8]
- A Chinese text of this year records that Hangzhou City, the capital of the Song dynasty, has various social clubs that include a West Lake Poetry Club, the Buddhist Tea Society, the Physical Fitness Club, the Anglers' Club, the Occult Club, the Young Girls' Chorus, the Exotic Foods Club, the Plants and Fruits Club, the Antique Collectors' Club, the Horse-Lovers' Club, and the Refined Music Society.[9][10]
- Probable date – Lancaster Royal Grammar School is founded in the north of England.[11][12]
- Approximate date – Battle of Kirina: Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita defeats Sosso king Soumaoro Kanté, beginning the Mali Empire. By tradition, the Manden Charter, a constitution, is proclaimed in Kouroukan Fouga.[13]
Births
[edit]- November 2 – Henry of Almain, King of the Romans (d. 1271)[14][15]
- probable
- Pope Boniface VIII (approximate date; d. 1303)[16]
- Ramon Llull, Catalan writer and philosopher (d. 1315)[17][18]
- Arnold of Villanova, Spanish alchemist and physician (d. 1311)[19][20]
- Qian Xuan, Chinese painter (d. 1305)[21]
Deaths
[edit]
- September 5 – Henry I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1165)[22][23]
- September 21 – King Andrew II of Hungary (b. 1175)[24][25]
- November 5 – Elisabeth of Swabia, queen consort of Castile and León (b. 1205)[26][27]
- date unknown
- Andronikos I Gidos, Emperor of Trebizond[28]
- Ibn al-Qabisi, Iraqi linguist (b. 1163)[29]
- Rabbi David Kimhi, French Biblical commentator (b. 1160)[30][31]
References
[edit]- ^ Bartlett, Robert (1995). "The Celtic Lands of the British Isles". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 5: c. 1198 – c. 1300. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 818. ISBN 9780521362894.
- ^ Brown, Daniel (2016). Hugh de Lacy, First Earl of Ulster: Rising and Falling in Angevin Ireland. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 188–190. ISBN 9781783271344.
- ^ Lea, Henry Charles (2005). A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages. Vol. II. New York: Cosimo, Inc. pp. 115–116. ISBN 9781596056206.
- ^ Limborch, Philippus van (1731). The History of the Inquisition. Vol. I. London: J. Gray. p. 81.
- ^ Tricht, Filip Van (2018). The Horoscope of Emperor Baldwin II: Political and Sociocultural Dynamics in Latin-Byzantine Constantinople. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 62. ISBN 9789004383180.
- ^ Lower, Michael (2013). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 9780812202670.
- ^ Cazelles, Brigitte (1991). The Lady as Saint: A Collection of French Hagiographic Romances of the Thirteenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 151. ISBN 9780812213805.
- ^ Manor), Exeter Symposium (2004 : Charney (2004). The Medieval Mystical Tradition in England: Exeter Symposium VII : Papers Read at Charney Manor, July 2004. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: DS Brewer. p. 101. ISBN 9781843840077.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Lockard, Craig (2007). Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History. Vol. I: To 1500. Boston and New York: Cengage Learning. p. 307. ISBN 9780618386123.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Vol. II: From 1600. Boston and New York: Cengage Learning. p. 139. ISBN 9781111808143.
- ^ Breverton, Terry (2014). Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask. Stroud, UK: Amberley Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781445638454.
- ^ Howorth, Billy F. K. (2018). Lancaster in 50 Buildings. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445676630.
- ^ Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z. Vol. 3: P–Z. Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1143. ISBN 9780313335396.
- ^ Sadler, John (2008). The Second Barons' War: Simon de Montfort and the Battles of Lewes and Evesham. Barnsley, UK: Casemate Publishers. pp. xxi. ISBN 9781844158317.
- ^ Dawson, Ian (1998). Who's who in British History: A-H. Vol. I: A–H. London and Chicago: Taylor & Francis. p. 637. ISBN 9781884964909.
- ^ Ruud, Jay (2008). Critical Companion to Dante. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 400. ISBN 9781438108414.
- ^ Pring-Mill, R. D. F. (1991). Estudis sobre Ramon Llull (in Catalan). Barcelona: L'Abadia de Montserrat. p. 37. ISBN 9788478262717.
- ^ Lee, Phil (2004). The Rough Guide to Mallorca and Menorca. London: Rough Guides. p. 78. ISBN 9781843532521.
- ^ Spruit, Leen (2010). "Censorship and Canon: A Note on Some Medieval Works and Authors". In Otten, Willemien; Vanderjagt, Arjo; de Vries, Hent (eds.). How the West Was Won: Essays on Literary Imagination, the Canon and the Christian Middle Ages for Burcht Pranger. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 182. ISBN 9789004184978.
- ^ Shephard, Roy J. (2014). An Illustrated History of Health and Fitness, from Pre-History to our Post-Modern World. Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London: Springer. p. 291. ISBN 9783319116716.
- ^ Wang, David (2016). A Philosophy of Chinese Architecture: Past, Present, Future. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 13. ISBN 9781317505679.
- ^ Weiler, Björn K. U. (2006). Henry III of England and the Staufen Empire, 1216-1272. Woodbridge, UK and Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 61. ISBN 9780861932801.
- ^ Jeep, John M. (2001). Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Psychology Press. p. 72. ISBN 9780824076443.
- ^ Bauer, Susan Wise (2013). The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 297. ISBN 9780393240672.
- ^ Lemprière, John (1810). Universal Biography: Containing a Copious Account, Critical and Historical, of the Life and Character, Labors and Actions of Eminent Persons, in All Ages and Countries, Conditions and Professions Arranged in Alphabetical Order. Vol. I. New York: E. Sargeant. p. 65.
- ^ Foerster, Thomas (2016). Godfrey of Viterbo and his Readers: Imperial Tradition and Universal History in Late Medieval Europe. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 9781317126270.
- ^ Sperling, Jutta Gisela (2016). Medieval and Renaissance Lactations: Images, Rhetorics, Practices. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 9781317098102.
- ^ Efthymiadis, Professor Stephanos (2014). The Ashgate Research Companion to Byzantine Hagiography. Vol. II: Genres and Contexts. Surrey, UK and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 480. ISBN 9781472404152.
- ^ Ibn al-Sha'ar al-Mawsili (2005). عقود الجمان في شعراء هذا الزمان (in Arabic). Vol. V, Part VI (First ed.). Damascus, Syria: DKI (Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah ). pp. 308–311.
- ^ Talmage, Frank (1975). Disputation and Dialogue: Readings in the Jewish-Christian Encounter. New York: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 71. ISBN 9780870682841.
- ^ Heide, Albert van der (2017). 'Now I Know': Five Centuries of Aqedah Exegesis. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 177. ISBN 9783319475219.